Why the author decided to make
a book with animals as characters to talk about the historical and political
context of that period?
Russian revolution.
Losif Stalin was
a politician promoter about Russian revolution in 1917, he was president of
council of Ministers Soviet Union, and He was among the Bolshevik
revolutionaries that boosted the revolution of October in Russia in 1917,
Stalin participated in the communist Party
until arrive at power and establish the quinquennial plan for a fast
industrialization. In Animal Farm to do criticism about this government, Orwell
also was a democratic socialist that satirized the tsarist regimen and he puts
irony about the Russian revolution until the Stalinist period.
In the begging
of book to took about Mr. Jones who for Orwell represent the tsarist regimen
with Nicolas II of Russia that represent the bourgeoisie were overthrown for
the Russian revolution, later the older pig that died represent to Vladimir
Lenin who died in 1924 and Stalin take the power for gradually suffocate all
opposition groups within the Communist Party. Also It can represent a little
part to Karl Marx who was driving of ant-capitalist philosophy and to die
before of rebellion.
The two principals
pigs, Napoleon and Snowball make reference to the war between Stalin and
Trotsky, where Stalin want to banish to Trotsky of Russia, here Napoleon to
banish to snowball of farm with his dogs
that he cares and trained who represented the secret police of Stalin
the NKVD.
Later, Napoleon
takes farm’s power and established some laws with ideology to benefit the
people like:
THE SEVEN
COMMANDMENTS
1. Whatever goes
upon two legs is an enemy.
2. Whatever goes
upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.
3. No animal
shall wear clothes.
4. No animal
shall sleep in a bed.
5. No animal
shall drink alcohol.
6. No animal
shall kill any other animal.
7. All animals
are equal.
But, little time
later all changes and the commandments were distorted, as Stalin made with the
proletariat and to put in private hands the lands and the manpower on collective
farms exploitation.
Some important
representations are:
- · The horse Boxer who likely to
represent the proletariat and the man Alekséi Stajánov that in
1977 was appointed Hero of Socialist Labour for being an example of personal
sacrifice devoted to the progress of a country that was far behind.
- · The sheep and hens represent
the peasantry who they are illiterates and uncritical with the regime, it is
like the mass of lieder and in the book they are all time singing "Four
legs good, two legs bad".
- · The crow Moses refers to the
Orthodox church who are speak all time about the animal’s heaven and insist
with a good treatment, On the context the religion is of part with the human
and it was before of politic. Later,
pigs tolerate their presence.
- · The donkey Benjamin represents
the intellectual class, who is aware of the manipulations of Napoleon but takes
no action on the matter, noting only pessimistically without intervening.
- · Mr. Fredrerick, who for the
fable seeks an alliance with the pig Napoleon, represents Adolf Hitler, who
signed a nonaggression pact with the Stalinist regime in the USSR.
This book is an
allegory which reflects other thing of an abstract form, it is like a metaphor.
Animal farm show us the representation for part of animal that they change
their essence and during the story they begin to resemble humans with respect
to power in the big influence that part of humans.